Learn the types, pathogenesis, symptoms and clinical signs of retinal detachment, with an exam-focused explanation of rhegmatogenous detachment and PVR.
Retinal Detachment: Types, Pathogenesis, Symptoms and Signs Read More »
Learn focal, grid and modified ETDRS laser techniques for diabetic macular oedema, including current indications, micropulse, PASCAL and NAVILAS.
Macular Laser Photocoagulation in Diabetic Macular Oedema Read More »
Insight Ophthalmology · Retina Companion Note Panretinal Photocoagulation in Diabetic Retinopathy Panretinal photocoagulation, or PRP, is extensive peripheral retinal laser treatment used to reduce the angiogenic drive responsible for neovascularisation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. This companion note explains why PRP works, when it is considered, how treatment is delivered and what visual trade-offs it may
Panretinal Photocoagulation (PRP) in Diabetic Retinopathy Read More »
Revise diabetic macular oedema: pathophysiology, symptoms, CSME criteria, CI-DME versus NCI-DME, OCT thresholds and FFA patterns.
Diabetic Macular Oedema: Pathophysiology, Symptoms and Classification Read More »
Insight Ophthalmology · Retina Companion Note Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is staged according to the retinal abnormalities visible on examination. This companion note brings together the practical clinical scale, the examination-important 4–2–1 rule, progression risks and the historical high-risk PDR criteria. Clinical anchor: the principal dividing line is the presence or absence of
Diabetic Retinopathy Classification: NPDR, PDR and the 4–2–1 Rule Read More »
Retina Note · Hypertensive Retinopathy Hypertensive Retinopathy Classifications Four grading systems describe many of the same fundus findings—but they organise them for different purposes. This companion note compares their logic, stages and clinical significance without mixing the systems. Modified Scheie Scheie Arteriolar Sclerosis Keith–Wagener–Barker Wong–Mitchell Companion note: Compare the four grading systems and learn how
Hypertensive Retinopathy Classifications Read More »
